PC (Polycarbonate), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) are three widely used thermoplastics in industrial and consumer applications. Each has unique properties, costs, and use cases. This guide compares their key characteristics to help you make informed decisions.
Basic Properties
| Property | PC | ABS | PVC |
| Impact Resistance | Extremely high (10x standard) | High | Low |
| Heat Resistance | Long-term:120℃,Short-term:140℃ | Long-term:80℃；Short-term:100℃ | Long-term:60℃；Short-term:80℃ |
| Flame Retardancy | UL94 V-0 (self-extinguishing | UL94 HB (slow burning) | UL94 V-2 (limited flame retardancy) |
| Density | 1.2-1.4g/cm³ | 1.0-1.1 g/cm³ | 1.3-1.45 g/cm³ |
| Clarity | Transparent/semi-transparent | Opaque;paintable | Opaque;colorable |
Mechanical & Chemical Performance
PC Advantages:
- UV-resistant (ideal for outdoor power strip casings).
- Resists chemicals (gasoline, alcohol).
ABS Advantages:
- Easy to mold with high-gloss finish (e.g., consumer electronics).
- Low cost for mass production.
PVC Advantages:
- Corrosion-resistant for damp environments (e.g., cable sheathing).
- Naturally flame-retardant and budget-friendly.
Cost & Sustainability
| Factor | PC | ABS | PVC |
| Material Cost | High (30–50% more than ABS) | Low | Lowest |
| Processing Cost | High (high-pressure molding) | Low (fast cycles) | Low (easy extrusion) |
| Recyclability | Recyclable with sorting | Recyclable (contains styrene) | Challenging (chlorine content) |
Typical Applications
PC: Premium power strip casings, bullet-resistant glazing, medical devices.
ABS: Appliance housings (vacuum cleaners, coffee makers), automotive interiors, LEGO bricks.
PVC: Cable insulation, plumbing pipes, budget power strips, food wrap.
Safety & Environmental Impact
PC: RoHS/REACH compliant, but may release BPA at high temps.
ABS: Contains styrene; avoid high-temperature degradation.
PVC: Releases dioxins when burned; opt for phthalate-free formulas.
Conclusion
PC: High performance and cost—ideal for safety-critical uses (e.g., industrial power strips).
ABS: Best value for consumer electronics and aesthetic-focused designs.
PVC: Budget-friendly choice for corrosion resistance (e.g., cable sheathing).